12122
Difference
?- 0 Hegel's 'System of Science'
- 1 Logic (Thinking of Thinking, Science of Science)
- 2 Nature (science of matter)
- 3 Spirit/Mind (Science of humanities)
- 11 Being (immediateness, 'Ontology')
- 12 Essence (mediation, reflection, metaphysics)
- 13 Concept (Notion / Logos / Comprehension, 'Begriff')
- 121 Essence as Reflection Within Itself
- 122 Appearance (Erscheinung)
- 123 Actuality (Wirklichkeit)
- 1211 Shine ('Schein')
- 1212 The Essentialities
- 1213 Ground (the reason, 'Grund')
- 12121 Identity
- 12122 Difference
- 12123 Contradiction ('Widerspruch')
- 121221 Absolute difference
- 121222 Diversity
- 121223 Opposition ('Gegensatz')
Distinction
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Distinction develops in three stages: 1. Absolute distinction --- distinction as such, still indeterminate 2. Diversity --- external distinction: A and B are diverse, but indifferent to one another (like apples and pears) 3. Opposition --- essential distinction: A and B mutually determine one another through exclusion (like positive and negative) The point: distinction belongs to identity. Something is identical with itself only through its distinction from another. There is "above" only where there is "below." The determinations of reflection mutually constitute one another.
Origin: Traditionally: distinction as non-identity (negative). Hegel: distinction as a positive determination --- it *posits* identity, rather than merely negating it.
In Hegel: Enz. §117-118; Science of Logic, Vol. 2, Essence
Cross-references: Identity, Diversity, Opposition, Contradiction, Determinations of Reflection