Archduke Karl of Austria (1771–1847) was the commander-in-chief of the Austrian forces in the Coalition Wars.

He defeated Napoleon at Aspern in 1809 — the emperor’s first defeat in open field battle. For Hegel, who had seen Napoleon in Jena in 1806 and called him the “world-soul on horseback,” 1809 marked the beginning of the turn that would be completed in 1815.

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